DESIGN OF NEURAL NETWORK AS DATA FLOW MODEL FOR IMAGE COMPRESSION

In digital communication bandwidth is essential parameter to be considered. Transmission and storage of images requires lot of memory in order to use bandwidth efficiently neural network and Discrete cosine transform together are used in this paper to compress images. Artificial neural network gives fixed compression ratio for any images results in fixed usage of memory and bandwidth. In this paper multi-layer feedforward neural network has been employed to achieve image compression. The proposed technique divides the original image in to several blocks and applies Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to these blocks as a pre-process technique. Quality of image is noticed with change in training algorithms, convergence time to attain desired mean square error. Compression ratio and PSNR in dB is calculated by varying hidden neurons. The proposed work is designed using MATLAB 7.10. and synthesized by mapping on Vertex 5 in Xilinx ISE for understanding hardware complexity. Keywords - backpropagation, Discret

Enhancement of Science Students\u27 Process Skills Through Implementation of Green Learning Method (GeLem) with Conservation-Based Inquiry Approach

The inquiry of science teaching aims to encourage the ability to think, work and be scientific and communicate as an important aspect of life skills. Inquiry learning with Green Learning Method (GeLeM) focuses on the ability to think, work and be scientific. The data collection was conducted in the Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Semarang on the course of General Biology, even semester of the academic year 2016/2017. The results show that application of method “GeLeM” can increase the average of cognitive value, learning response and the ability of students\u27 Science Process Skill (SPS) in science learning especially biology in the material of the diversity of living creatures. Common biology lectures that use the method of Green Learning Method (GeLeM) can be collaborated with instilling conservation horizon on the students. The conclusion of this study is that Green Learning Method (GeLeM) can improve student cognitive result and science process skill in science learning. In addition, students are also able to find the concept that comes from the environment (nature), students can also love and care for the environment as a vehicle for learning

Hubungan Kuat Geser dengan Plastisitas, Fraksi Tanah dan Mineral Tanah Lempung Daerah Bendungan Gunung Rowo dan Tol Jatingaleh – Krapyak Km 5+525

Indonesia is a disaster-prone area to landslides and Indonesia has widely spread of clay soils, so that continuous the study of clay is necessary about characteristics of clay soil. The purpose of this study is to determine the empirical relationship plasticity values, fractions and mineral soil and to predict the effective shear strength c' and f'. Analysis is about linier regression to infer the relationship between effective shear strength c' and f' with plasticity values, fractions and mineral soils, then analyze slope stability on Tol Jatingaleh – Krapyak. The results showed that LL and PI are more large then c' value is more large too, but it is reverse about PL. If PL is more large then c' is more sligthly If value of c soils is more large then c' is more large too, on the contrary if it is f' soils. Soils with a large content of montmorillonite tend to have great cohession. Decreasing of montmorilonite, it means that value of c' is more slightly because rise of illite and kaolinite. Further research is indispensible to get enough data to do non-linier regression and multivariate regression to produce a reliable value R > 0,9

Multilayer Porous Composite From Waste Glass for Water Filtration

Multilayer porous composite have been produced through the heating process at temperature T=700oC for 2.5 h. Single layered porous composite was made with a varied mass percentage of from PEG polymer 1% to 10%. Double-layered porous composite were made by the arrangement of porosity (4:3)%, (4:2)% and (3:2)%, while the three-layers porous composite have an arrangement (4:3:2)%. Performance of multilayer porous composite for water filtration with pollutants of methylene blue 100 ppm was estimated from the absorbance spectrum. Rejection of methylene blue pollutants from single layered porous composite increases when the fraction of PEG polymer tend to be smaller in the matrix. Meanwhile, the double layered porous composite has a degradation of methylene blue pollutants are better than one layer. Triple layered porous composite have good performance for the water filtration where all the pollutants of methylene blue be able to be filtered. Komposit pori berlapis telah dihasilkan dengan proses pemanasan pada temperatur T=700oC selama 2.5 jam. Komposit pori satu lapis dibuat dengan variasi persen massa polimer PEG 1% hingga 10%. Komposit pori dua lapis dibuat dengan susunan porositas (4:3)%, (4:2)% dan (3:2)%, sedangkan komposit pori tiga lapis memiliki susunan porositas (4:3:2)%. Kinerja komposit pori berlapis untuk filter air dengan polutan methylene blue 100 ppm diestimasi dari spektrum absorbansi. Rejeksi polutan methylene blue dari komposit pori satu lapis meningkat saat fraksi polimer PEG cenderung lebih kecil dalam matrik komposit. Sedangkan, komposit pori dua lapis memiliki kemampuan untuk degradasi polutan methylene blue yang lebih baik dari satu lapis. Komposit pori tiga lapis memiliki kinerja yang baik untuk filter air dimana seluruh polutan methylene blue mampu disaring

Response to Comment on “Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale”

Hülsmann and Hartig suggest that ecological mechanisms other than specialized natural enemies or intraspecific competition contribute to our estimates of conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). To address their concern, we show that our results are not the result of a methodological artifact and present a null-model analysis that demonstrates that our original findings—(i) stronger CNDD at tropical relative to temperate latitudes and (ii) a latitudinal shift in the relationship between CNDD and species abundance—persist even after controlling for other processes that might influence spatial relationships between adults and recruits

Comparing tropical forest tree size distributions with the predictions of metabolic ecology and equilibrium models

Tropical forests vary substantially in the densities of trees of different sizes and thus in above-ground biomass and carbon stores. However, these tree size distributions show fundamental similarities suggestive of underlying general principles. The theory of metabolic ecology predicts that tree abundances will scale as the -2 power of diameter. Demographic equilibrium theory explains tree abundances in terms of the scaling of growth and mortality. We use demographic equilibrium theory to derive analytic predictions for tree size distributions corresponding to different growth and mortality functions. We test both sets of predictions using data from 14 large-scale tropical forest plots encompassing censuses of 473 ha and \u3e 2 million trees. The data are uniformly inconsistent with the predictions of metabolic ecology. In most forests, size distributions are much closer to the predictions of demographic equilibrium, and thus, intersite variation in size distributions is explained partly by intersite variation in growth and mortality. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS

Testing metabolic ecology theory for allometric scaling of tree size, growth and mortality in tropical forests

The theory of metabolic ecology predicts specific relationships among tree stem diameter, biomass, height, growth and mortality. As demographic rates are important to estimates of carbon fluxes in forests, this theory might offer important insights into the global carbon budget, and deserves careful assessment. We assembled data from 10 old-growth tropical forests encompassing censuses of 367 ha and > 1.7 million trees to test the theory's predictions. We also developed a set of alternative predictions that retained some assumptions of metabolic ecology while also considering how availability of a key limiting resource, light, changes with tree size. Our results show that there are no universal scaling relationships of growth or mortality with size among trees in tropical forests. Observed patterns were consistent with our alternative model in the one site where we had the data necessary to evaluate it, and were inconsistent with the predictions of metabolic ecology in all forests